OUR INNER CLOCK (BIOLOGICAL CLOCK)

We are visually used to seeing the clock several times a day for our daily chores. We also adjust it is Spring going an hour Ahead & Last Month to set it an hour Behind, This is for Day time Light Saving Efforts.\n\nYou will be Surprised to Know that there is an Inner Clock which Runs in Each & Every Cell of our body, for that matter in all Animals, Birds, Trees, Aquatics and each and every living thing.\n\nThis is our Biological Clock which is dependent on Light & Dark the Circadian Rhythm.\n\nIn most living things, internally synchronized circadian clocks make it possible for the organism to anticipate daily environmental changes corresponding with the day–night cycle and adjust its biology and behaviour accordingly.\n\nThe term circadian derives from the Latin circa (about) diem (a day), since when taken away from external cues (such as environmental light), they do not run to exactly 24 hours. Clocks in humans in a lab in constant low light, for example, will average about 24.2 hours per day, rather than 24 hours exactly.\n\nThe normal body clock oscillates with an endogenous period of exactly 24 hours, it entrains when it receives sufficient daily corrective signals from the environment, primarily daylight and darkness. Circadian clocks are the central mechanisms that drive this Rhythm. They consist of three major components:\n

\n
• A central biochemical oscillator with a period of about 24 hours that keeps time.
\n
• A series of input pathways to this central oscillator to allow entrainment of the clock.
\n
• A series of output pathways tied to distinct phases of the oscillator that regulate overt rhythms in biochemistry, physiology, and behavior throughout an organism.
\n

\nThe clock is reset as an organism senses environmental time cues of which the primary one is light. Circadian oscillators are ubiquitous in tissues of the body where they are synchronized by both endogenous and external signals to regulate transcriptional activity throughout the day in a tissue-specific manner. The circadian clock is intertwined with most cellular metabolic processes and it is affected by organism aging. The basic molecular mechanisms of the biological clock have been defined in Almost All Vertebrates.\n\nIn vertebrates, the master circadian clock is contained within the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN), a bilateral nerve cluster of about 20,000 neurons. The SCN itself is located in the hypothalamus , which is a small region of the brain situated directly above the Optic Chiasm , where it receives input from specialized Photosensitive Cells in the retina.\n\nThe SCN maintains control across the body by synchronizing “slave oscillators”, which exhibit their own near24-hour rhythms and control circadian phenomena in local tissue. Through intercellular signalling Mechanism the SCN signals other hypothalamic nuclei and the Pineal Gland to modulate Our Body Temperature and production of hormones such as Cortisol and Melatonin , these hormones enter the Circulation and induce clock-driven effects throughout the organism.\n\nThe Noble Committee Awarded 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to three American biologists for their research on the control of circadian rhythms Jeffrey C Hall. at the University of Maine, Michael Rosbash at Brandeis University and Michael W Young at the Rockefeller University share the prize for their discoveries of the genetic and biomolecular mechanisms that help the cells of plants and animals (including humans) mark the 24-hour cycle of day and night. That research became a cornerstone of the science of chronobiology, the study of how organisms track time and adapt to its cycles.\n\nAlmost every aspect of physiology and metabolism will be controlled by the circadian clock.” For example, in the case of mammals, he said, 20–30 percent of the genes in any given tissue may be under the control of an internal clock. “But if you take all the tissues of the body, the vast majority of genes are under clock control in one tissue or another.”\n\nNew research shows that heart operations performed in the afternoon produced better outcomes than those done in the morning.\n\nBecause afternoon heart surgery syncs with the body’s circadian clock (the internal body clock that controls when people sleep, eat and wake up), it reduces the risk of heart damage, the French researchers said.\n\n“Currently, there are few other surgical options to reduce the risk of postsurgery heart damage, meaning new techniques to protect patients are needed,” said study author Dr. David Montaigne, a professor at the University of Lille.\n\nTiming of injury\n\nWounds, such as burns and cuts, heal nearly 60% faster when the injury occurs during the day rather than at night, Scientists from the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England, analyzed the records of 118 burn injury patients who had been cared for in England and Wales.\n\nThey found burns that happened at night (between 8pm and 8am) took longer to heal than burns that occurred during the day (between 8am and 8pm), the researchers found -- an average of 28 days compared to only 17 days.\n\n\n\nOne reason for this faster daytime healing was that skin cells moved much more quickly to repair the wound site when the body clock was set for daylight, the team said. Within individual cells, this speed was driven by increased activity of proteins that are involved in cell movement and repair.\n\nMouse experiments, where the researchers made incisions to the skin, also showed wound healing to be significantly greater when wounds were inflicted during the animal’s active phase compared with the rest phase.\n\nFurther examining this process in the lab, the researchers “found that the microscopic architecture of the cell, the actin cytoskeleton, has a 24-hour rhythm in skin cells grown in a dish,” said Ned Hoyle, lead author of the paper and a postdoctoral fellow at the MRC Laboratory.\n\n“One of the main jobs of these cells in a whole animal is to respond to wounds by moving into them and secreting proteins to repair the damage,” said Hoyle.\n\nThe researchers believe this healing process is driven by individual cells’ internal circadian clocks -- and not signals transmitted throughout the body.\n\nHoyle also speculated that cellular clocks at the site of surgery could be “adjusted to the best time for healing before the operation,” while more generally, “the time of surgery could be scheduled to coincide with each patient’s biological time.” So that “larks,” or early risers, could see the surgeon in the morning, while “owls,” or late risers, would be treated in the afternoon.\n\nAnd there are other examples as well. The existence of daytime variation in Chemotherapy efficiency and toxicity has been well known for many years. And more recent experiments have shown that Morning Vaccination with a flu shot enhances immune response more than afternoon vaccination.\n\nUnderstand this more in years to Come will Lead to Cure of Jet Lag one day.\n\nThe inner clock is nourished by Healthy Lifestyle , Eating Healthy,Daily Exercise & Proper Sleep It is also in Rhythm or Synchrony with your heart beat & breathing\n\nplatforms for our dear teenage children to engage, disengage and again engage.\n\nBecause afternoon heart surgery syncs with the body’s circadian clock (the internal body clock that controls when people sleep, eat and wake up), it reduces the risk of heart damage, the French researchers said.\n\n“Currently, there are few other surgical options to reduce the risk of postsurgery heart damage, meaning new techniques to protect patients are needed,” said study author Dr. David Montaigne, a professor at the University of Lille.\n\nTiming of injury\n\nWounds, such as burns and cuts, heal nearly 60% faster when the injury occurs during the day rather than at night, Scientists from the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England, analyzed the records of 118 burn injury patients who had been cared for in England and Wales.\n\nThey found burns that happened at night (between 8pm and 8am) took longer to heal than burns that occurred during the day (between 8am and 8pm), the researchers found -- an average of 28 days compared to only 17 days.\n\nOne reason for this faster daytime healing was that skin cells moved much more quickly to repair the wound site when the body clock was set for daylight, the team said. Within individual cells, this speed was driven by increased activity of proteins that are involved in cell movement and repair.\n\nMouse experiments, where the researchers made incisions to the skin, also showed wound healing to be significantly greater when wounds were inflicted during the animal’s active phase compared with the rest phase.\n\nFurther examining this process in the lab, the researchers “found that the microscopic architecture of the cell, the actin cytoskeleton, has a 24-hour rhythm in skin cells grown in a dish,” said Ned Hoyle, lead author of the paper and a postdoctoral fellow at the MRC Laboratory.\n\n“One of the main jobs of these cells in a whole animal is to respond to wounds by moving into them and secreting proteins to repair the damage,” said Hoyle.\n\nThe researchers believe this healing process is driven by individual cells’ internal circadian clocks -- and not signals transmitted throughout the body.\n\nHoyle also speculated that cellular clocks at the site of surgery could be “adjusted to the best time for healing before the operation,” while more generally, “the time of surgery could be scheduled to coincide with each patient’s biological time.” So that “larks,” or early risers, could see the surgeon in the morning, while “owls,” or late risers, would be treated in the afternoon.\n\nAnd there are other examples as well. The existence of daytime variation in Chemotherapy efficiency and toxicity has been well known for many years. And more recent experiments have shown that Morning Vaccination with a flu shot enhances immune response more than afternoon vaccination.\n\nUnderstand this more in years to Come will Lead to Cure of Jet Lag one day.\n\nThe inner clock is nourished by Healthy Lifestyle , Eating Healthy,Daily Exercise & Proper Sleep It is also in Rhythm or Synchrony with your heart beat & breathing\n

 \n\n 

\n